Refrigerating and ice machine



, 9 W. H. WOOD 8: G. RICHMOND.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MACHINE.

No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28, 1882.

(No Model.) Sheets-Sheet 1.

ATTORNEYS.

Nv PETERS. Plmlwlilhogmpher. Washmglcn, D. c.

(No Modelj' 9 Sheen's-Sheet 2.

W. H. WO0D'& G. RICHMOND.

REFRIGBRATING AND ICE MAGHINB.

,No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28, 1882..

INVENTORS WAM tVr-p-J -anyz W ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets- -Sheet 3 W. H. WOOD 81; G. RICHMOND.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MACHINE.

No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28, 1882.

, INVENTORS ,2 Wwv-O (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 6.

W. H.'WO0D & G. RICHMOND.

RBPRIGEBATING AND 103 MACHINE. No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28. 1882.

Aw fi v 2 ii: 2

IN'VENTORS W10 Mrr-D dz 5 ATTORNEY u. PETERS. Photo-Lithographer.Waihinglon. 0. c.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7. W. H. WOOD & G. RICHMOND. REFRIGERATINGAND 103 MACHINE.

No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28 1882.

m j m INVENTORS BY M Zn ATTORNBYJ n WQ A W x J a w 2 u. PEYERS.Pholvuihagnphw. Wanhingion. o. c.

' 9 SheetsSheet 8. W. H. WOOD 8v Gr. RICHMOND.

'REFRIGERATING AND IGE MACHINE. No 268,347. Patented Nov. 28, 1882.

(No Model.)

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JINVFNTOR ywz-p: W Q M ATTORNEY (No Model.) Q 9 Sheets-Sheet 9.

W. H. WOOD & G. RICHMOND. Y

REFRIGERATING AND 10E MACHINE.

No. 268,347. Patented Nov. 28-, 1882 WITNESSE INVENTORS Q ATTORNEYS;

' county of Kings and State of New York, have NITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

WILLIAM H. WOOD AND GEORGE RICHMOND, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

REFRIGERATING AND ICE MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,347, dated November28, 1882,

- Application filed September 4, 1882. (No model.)

To all'zohom it may concern Be it known that we, WILLIAM H. WOOD andGEORGE RICHMOND, of Brooklyn, in the invented certain newand usefulImprovements in Refrigerating and Ice Machines; and we do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make anduse the same, reference being bad to theaccompanying nine sheets of drawings, which form a part of thisspecification.

Our invention has relation to that class of ice machines orrefrigerating machines in which cold is generated by the process ofvaporization of ammonia, ether, benzole, 850., which, in assuming thevaporous form, change sensible heat to latent, extracting it from theobjects most convenient theretosuch as water or brineaccording to thepurposes for which the machine is to be used-4'. 6., as an ice-machineor machine for manufacturing ice,

or as a refrigerating-machine for cooling the air of store-rooms,beer-vaults, the holds of steamships, 850. Our machine is adapted toeither and all of these purposes; and our invention consists in animproved construction and combination of the main essentials to thecomplete machine. In this class of machines the chief elements orcomponent parts are tliree--viz., a pump for pumping the ammonia orother liquid to be vaporized into the condensing apparatus, a condensingapparatus for liqueiying the ammonia (ether or benzole) gas, and arefrigerating apparatus in which the cold generated by the condensationof the gas or vapor is utilized. To these should be added an engine forworking the pump and such other parts of the machine as require motivepower, and also certain accessories to the several parts, by which theiroperation is rendered more perfect.

Our improvements relate to the construction of all of these parts orelements of the complete machine, and to their combination, from whichimportant advantages result over this class of machines as heretoforeconstructed. Among these advantages may be named the following: nodifficulty in pumpingthe ammonia, no leakage, economy of room and labor,as well as of fuel and condensing water in operating the machine,continuity of operation, and facility for repairing and renewing suchparts of the machine as require repair and renewal.

The nature of our improvementis fully illustrated on the accompanyingnine sheets of drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a side elevationof the complete machine. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal vertical section of the pump. Fig. 4 is a transversevertical section of the same. Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view of thepump-cylinder valve. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the same through line00a; in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 isasectional detail view, on an enlarged scale,of one of the pump-cylinders. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of the samethrough line x m in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detail view of the rubber bufferand its collar, which regulates the play of the cylinder-valve. Fig. 10is a cross-section of the same through line :0 x in Fig. 9. Fig.1l. isadet-ailview of the pump shaft hearing or bushing. Figs. 12,13, and 14are details of the pump piston or follower. Figs. 15, 16, and 17 aresimilar views, showing a different construction of the piston orfollower. Fig. 18 is an elevation, partly in section, of the combinedcondensing and refrigerating apparatus. Fig. 19 is a plan View, withpart shown in horizontal section, of the same. Fig. 2() is an enlargeddetail view of one of the valves or stop-cocks. Fig. 21 is a verticalsectional view of the condensing apparatus. Fig. 22 is a detail view ofone ot'the pipes of the same. Fig. 23 is a cross-section through one ofsaid pipes. Fig. 2% is a sec tional detail View of the lower part of thecondensing apparatus, with its valve, showing a modified construction ofthe latter. Figs. 25, 26, and 27 are sectional detail views ofmodifications of the apparatus for cooling the pump-cylinders. Fig. 28is a side View of the automatic regulating device. Fig. 29 is asectional view of the same, and Fig. 30 is a detail view of part of thesame.

Similar lettersof reference indicate correspondingparts in all thefigures.

We shall first proceed to describe the general arrangement andcombination of parts of the complete machine, and afterward, in their 2se m:

proper order, the detailed construction of said parts and theiroperation,reterence being had during this part of the description toFigs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.

The letter A designates an engine of any suitable construction, theshaft of which is connected by a friction-coupling (shown at O) with theshaft of the pump, (shown at B.)

The letters D are the sectional condensers, four being shown in thepresent illustration of our invention.

E is the delivery pipe by which the gas is taken from the pump anddistributed among the condensers.

F F are the sectional refrigerators, and G is a suction-pipe, by whichthe gas is withdrawn from the refrigerator and fed back to the pump tobe compressed.

A water-pipe (shown at H) feeds water to the condensers, and J is thewater outlet or dischargepipe. The brineis fed tothe refrigeratorthrough the pipe shown at L, and is discharged through the pipe shown atM. All of these pip s are provided with suitably constructed valves orstop-cocks in such a manner that comniu'nication ot any one of thecondensers or refrigerators with the rest of the apparatus may be shutoff at will.

N is a pump for circulating the brine through the refrigerators; and Pis the automatic devit-e. for supplying the liquid to the refrigerator.This device or apparatus may be driven by a counter-shaft (shown at R)and suitable bandpulleys which connect with the engine. The condensersare provided with a gage glass, (shown at Q,) for the purpose ofindicating the height of liquid in the condensers. This arrangenientandcombination ofthe several parts admits ofa very powerful machine.constructed so as to occupy but comparatively little space.The-friction-coupling shown at O, which connt c'ts the engine and thepump, will prevent accident in case of any undue strain being thrownupon the pump. 7

In describing the construction of the pump reference should be had tothe sectional views shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and to the several detailviews on Sheets 4 and 5. The object of the construction of the pump astherein shown, and as we will now proceed to describein detail, is toobviate the diiiiculties attending the compression of a liqueliable gasas used for the purposesofrefrigeration. Thesedifticultiesare, amongoihers, the escape of the gas through the glands and leakage at each endof the stroke of the piston. ln our improved pump leakage or escape ofthe gas is impossible. lubrication is perfect, and the pum p will workfor any length of time without heating.

The pump consists essentially of two parts' viz., an uppt r casing(shown at B) and a lower casing,(shownatBK) Theuppercasingconsists of aseries of three pump-cylinders, (shown at a.) which are separated fromeach other by open spacesorjackets, (show n at b.) The topcasing,

B, is made with top and bottom flanges, (shown at e.) a cap or cover(shown at 0) being bolted to the top flange, while the bottom flange, e.is bolted to the top of the lower casing, B. The open spaces or chambersb, which divide the several cylinders, com in unicate with each other,and have an inlet, 1), and an outlet, so that a stream of cold water maybe fed through the chambers for the purpose of cooling the cylinders.Other means for effecting the same purpose may, however, be used, towhich reference willhe made hereinafter. Inserted through the lowercasing, B, is the pump shaft T, which has three eran ks for operating acorresponding number of piston-rods. The casing B is cast withalargeopening on one side, which is closed by a cover, B by removingwhich access may be had to the interior of that part of the machine t'orthe purpose of cleaning it, or for other purposes.Italsohasalonghollowboss(shown at B) for receiving the gland, (shown atB into which the end of shaft T is inserted, as clearly shownin Fig. 3,so that escape of the gas on that side of the machine is impossible. Atthe other end of the casing is an opening. B through which shalt '1passes, a gland (shown at B) being used for the purpose of compressingthe packing placed in the boss or stuffingbox around the shaft, and thuseffectually prevent leakage also on that side. This part of the machineis illustrated on a larger scale in Fig. 11 of the drawings.

In Fi 3 we have shown only one of the pistons or followers 5 but it isobvious that each pump-cylinder should be provided with its appropriatefollower and appurtenances. The construction of the follower shown indetail on Sheet 5 of the drawings, on which we have shown two differentmodes of construction, either one of which may be used. Fig. 14represents a vertical sectional view of the follower. Fig. 13 is across-section ot'the same through the line 3 yin Fig. l4t,'and Fig. 12is a plan or top view. The body ofthe piston-head or follower consistsof a cylindrical casing, 70, closed at the top by a plate, k, which hasa number of hue apertures or perforations, k Upon this top plate isfastened a cylindrical head or casing, g, which is held in place byscrews 0', metailic packing-rings a beiug cla1nped between the parts qand k, so as to provide for a perfect tit of tile tollewer within itsappropriate cylinder. The top plate, 1, is also perforated, as shown inFig. 13, and in the space between the perforated plates q and it isplaced a circular valve, (shown at 12,) which has a limited play up anddown around the central stem or bushing which connects plates (1 and 7c.

The piston or follower shown in Fig. 17 is of a somewhat differentconstruction, but operates in substantially the same manner. Fi 16represents a cross-section through line 2 z in Fig. 17', and Fig. 15 isa plan or top view of the valve. reference to these three figures itwill be seen that the follower consists of a cylindrical head. is, thetop of which forms a plate which is cored out to form large openofapertures 22 encircling itjust under the top.

It has a central flanged stein, b, which works in acentral bushing orcollar, b, and when the valve is in its down position on the upstroke ofthe follower its annular lower rim will bear against a rubberpacking-ring, (shown at a,) which takes up the jar and insures the easyoperation of the valve.

The gas to be compressed is admitted into the lower casing. B, throughthe inlet (l, and on the downstroke of the several pistons or followerspasses through their respective valves up into the top parts of theirrespective pumpcylinders a.

The operation of the valve shown in Fig. 14 will readily be. understood.On its downstroke the gas, entering the apertures It, will lift thevalve 12 up against the perforated fixed top plate, q, and enter thevalve-chamber; but on the upstroke of the piston the pressure will forcevalve 1; down upon its seat It, thus closin g the apertures k andforcethe gas through the perforated top plate, q, upinto the top part oftbecylinder. The valve of the follower illustrated in Figs. 15, 16, and 17operates in substantially the same manner. stroke the gas will enter thevalve-chamber 'w through the apertures b thus lilting the valve from itsseat; but on the upstroke the pressure will force the valve down uponits rubber annulus or seat a, the gas, which on the downstroke escapedthrough the annular series of apertures 'v in the valve-chamber, nowbeing forced with considerable pressure up into the top parts of theappropriate pump-cylinders.

The cap or cover a, which is bolted to the upper casing, B, by itsflange 6, has a series of downwardly-projecting cylindrical pockets,(shown at )one for each of the several pumpcylinders-into the top partof which it projects down some distance, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and4. Into each of these pocketsis inserted-an elastic bufi'er orcushion,p, which projects with its lower end a short distance below itsappropriate cylindrical pocket or collar. In the annular space betweensaid pockets and the upper part of their appropriate cylinders works .avalve, (shown at V in Fig. 3, and in Fig. 5, on Sheet 4, on an enlargedscale,) Fig. being a diametrical section of said valve; Fig. 6, ahorizontal section through line as w in Fig. 5; Fig. 7, averticalsectional view of the pumpcylinder with the valve removed therefrom;Fig. 8, a horizontal section of the same through line 00 as; Fig. 9, aside view of the rubber buffer and its pocket, and Fig. a cross-sectionof the same through line 00 m in Fig. 9. From Figs. 5 and 6 it will beseen that the dischargevalve V, of which there is one for each of the Onthe dQWIl-' pumpcylinders, is accurately bored out to form on thedownstroke of the follower; and in order to insure a perfect working ofthe valve, it is provided on its inside with packing-rings M, whichencircle and bear against the downwardly-projecting pocket 0,- and apackingring (shown at a, Fig. 3) is placed in the top part of theannulus m, so as to bear against the toprim of the cylinder.

In the bottom of the lower casing, B, in which the crank-shaft works, isplaced a suit able quantity of some liquid or fluid which is not actedon by the gas to be compressed. This liquid should stand at a levelsufliciently high for lubrication of the crank-pins as these revolve andare dipped into it, a gage-glass,

.g, being provided for the purpose of inspectlng the level of thelubrlcatingliquid. The upper chamber, B, also contains a suitablequantity of the same liquid, the height or level of which is indicatedby the gageglass It. By reference to Figs. 3 and 4: it will be seen thatthis -liquid covers the apertures i in the several pump-cylinders, butis prevented from entering the cylinders by theclosing of the holes 2'by the valve V, when this is in its down position, on the downstroke ot'the follower. In this manner the liquid which envelops the perforatedtop parts of the pump cyliuders serves as a seal, which will effectuallyprevent the gas from returning through aperturesi into thepump-cylinders, for it will be observed that on the upstroke of thefollower the valve V is lifted off its seat by the pressure of the gasuntil it strikes the projecting lower end of the buffcrp, thus openingthe apertures 2', through which the gas escapes by bubbling through thesurrounding liquid up into the top part of the casing B, from which itis (lischargcd through the openingfinto the delivery-pipe E, which feedsit to the condensing apparatus. A portion of the liquid contained in thetop part of the casing will at each stroke of the several pistonstrickle through the apertures t into the cylinders, where it serves as alubricant and seal for the followers; and as in this manner the liquidin that part of the casing is gradually exhausted by flowing down intothe cylinders a. and through the followervalves into the bottom part, B,of the casing, it is replenished by-means of a small pump, S, worked byan eccentric, t, upon the crankshaft T, the liquid being drawn into thepump through the tube .9 and discharged up into the top part of the pumpthrough the pipe shown at s.

It is of utmost importance that proper means should be provided forcooling the pump-cylinders; and this maybe accomplished by means of thecoolin g-chambers or water-j ackets I), in the manner already described,or by the means which we shall now proceed to describe, both having fortheir objects to provide adeq uate means for dissipating the heatgenerated in compressing a liquefiable gas.

When a gas is compressed the temperature rapidly rises and the pressurereaches the maximum more rapidly than it would do if due to change ofvolume alone. The piston therefore has to move through a farther spaceagainst the maximum pressure than it otherwise would do. The curverepresenting the energy expended is in this case termed an adiabatic orisentropic curve, as distinguished from the isothermal curverepresenting the energy expended when the compression takes place at aconstant temperature.

It is clear on general principles, and it is capable of rigidmathematical demonstration, that the energy exerted in the compressionof the gas according to the adiabatic curve is greater than thatrequired for isothermal comression. Moreover, the practicaldisadvanrages which result from heating of the machinery are very great,among which may be mentioned the increase of friction and the difhcultyof delicate adjustment of the co-operating parts,owing to unequalexpansion and contraction also, and not least, the gradual drying of thelubricating and packing material and the loss of effect by expansion ofthe gas in its tlow through hot passages and contact with heatedcylinders and pistons before the process of compression actually begins.

We have found by experience that waterjackcts providing for a flow ofcold water around the exterior of the cylinder are only a partial remedywhere the pump is worked at considerable speed; and hence we havedevised the apparatus, which we shall 110W proceed to describe, forcausing the effectual and rapid cooling of the pump-cylinders,regardless of the speed at which the pumps may be worked.

This part of our invention consists in the construction of an appliancefor injecting a small amount of liquid (the gas or vaporot' which isundercompression) in atinely-divided stateinto the cylinder, the gasentering the same as a saturated vapor at a certain pressure, which willdepend upon the temperature of the refrigerator. It the gas iscompressed in the ordinary way and without means for cooling thecompressing-cylinders, it rapidly assumes the character ofhighly-superheated gas; but if during the operation of compression justso much liquid is injected as is suflicient, by its vaporization, todissipate the generated heat, the gas will remain in the form ofsaturated vapor all the time, and the temperature will remain constant.The compression will be effected with less expenditure of energy; and,inasmuch as the injected liquid passes into the condenser as a saturatedvapor, there is no loss in the effective capacity of the cylinder. As

an illustration of this principle, take, for example, the case ofammonia, assuming that the temperature in the refrigerator is 0 degreesFahrenheit and in the condenser a temperature of 80 Fahrenheit. At atemperature of 80 the ammonia liquefies under a pressure of onehundredand fifty-two pounds to the square inch, while the pressure atzero is about thirty pounds to the square inch 5 and it may becalculated mathematically that in compressing ammonia from thirty poundsto one hundred and fifty-two pounds per square inch the temperature willrise to 273 Fahrenheit. If the temperature in the cylinder is not toexceed 90 we have to inject suflicient liquid ammonia to dissipate theheat represented by a change of temperature from 90 to 273 Assuming thatthe specific heat of ammonia is 0.3, the heat required to raise onepound of an'nnonia-gas from 90 to 273 is titty-five thermal units. Thelatent heat of ammonia being about five hundred and fifty thermal units,it is evident that, under the circumstances ot' the example, about tenper cent. of the amount of ammonia. in the cylinder must be injected ateach stroke of the piston or follower. This represents about oneseven-hundreth of the capacity of the cylinder, the relative volume ofgas and liquid ammonia at 90 being seventy. The only difference, so faras the condenser is concerned, is that the same quantity of heat has tobe removed from a larger mass of saturated vapor of comparatively lowtemperature as was previously removed from a smaller mass of gas orvapor in highly-superheated state.

The means adopted by us for carrying out this part of our invention areillustrated in Figs. 25, 26, and 27 on Sheet 6 of the drawings, and on asmall scale, in one of its forms or modifications, at U in Fig. 4, theenlarged view shown in Fi 27 being the same as shown on a smaller scalein Fi 4.

Reference being bad to Fig. 27, in which the letter B represents thecasing or wall of the pump-cylinder, the numeral 1 represents adisl; ofhard metal, in which two small holes are drilled at about right anglesto each other in such a manner that two minute streams of liquid flowingthrough them will impinge on each other and by their contact break upinto a fine spray or minute mist. This disk is inserted at theinner endof a barrel, 4, which is screwed into a threaded bore in the wall of thecylinder, and is held in place by a cylindrical plug, (shown at 2,)which in turn is held in place by a screw-cap, (shown at 3.) The rearend of the plug 2 has a channel, (shown at 6,) which communicates withthe central bore or channel, which passes through the pluglongitudinally to the perforated disk 1, at its inner end. The liquidammonia, to beinjected in the form of spray into the cylinder, is fedthrough a channel or inlet. 5, in the barrel 2, which communicates withthe channel 6 at the end of plug 2. This construction permits of theeasy taking apart of the several parts of the in jector for repair orcleaning when desired, or for the purpose of changing the spraying-diskat the inner end of the device when it is desired to change thecharacter of the spray.

In Fig. 26 two iujectornozzles are employed, (shown at 7 and 7,) whichare connected by a common feed-pipe, 8. These nozzles, as shown by thedrawings, are not placed in close proximity to the ends of the cylinder,nor yet so far from them as to allow of the injection of spray on theunder side of the piston.

The action of this apparatus is as follows: A nozzle of the propercapacity having. been selected-that is, with holes fine enough toproduce spray of the requisite fineness to supply the ammonia in theexact quantity required for the existing conditions of work--one of thenozzles is spraying into the cylinder during the descent of the pistontoward it. and con- ,tinues to do so until the pressure in the cylinderequals that in the condenser. The effect of the spray during the inflowof gas into the cylinder is to supersaturate it; and for this purpose,and to obtain the most satisfactory results, it is important that theinjected liquid should be in the form of a fine spray or mist offering alarge surface; otherwise, when the pump is working rapidly the injectedliquid would not be completely vaporized and only partially attain thedesired result.

In Fig. 25 we have shown yet another modification of the injectingdevice, which will be found useful in special cases or under peculiarconditions, where the more effective methods described above areditficult of application. This last plan consists practically inconverting the cylinder-jacket 11 into a refrigerator, a spray-injectornozzle being inserted into one side of the jacket, the opposite side ofwhich is provided with a relief-valve, (shown at 9,) which is soconstructed that it will allow the expanded gas in the jacket to escapeat a given fixed pressure, corresponding to the degree of temperaturewhich it is desired to maintain in the jacket. The overflow through thisrelief-valve passes through its outlet 10 into the suction-pipe leadingto the pump, where the expanded gas meets and mixes with the gas fromthe refrigerator.

In describing-the general arrangement of our machine as illustrated inFigs. 1' and 2 of the drawings we have termed the apparatus shown at l)the condensers, and that shown at F the refrigerators. These terms,however, do not relate to the construction of these devices, both beingconstructed alike, but to the purposes to which they are put. We shalltherefore describe in detail only the construction of the so-calledcondensers, from which the construction of the so-called refrigeratorswill be readily understood without aduplicate description. Prior todescribing this construction, however, it is well to observe that inrefrigerating machinery it is a matter of the utmost importance that itshould act continuously, and not be liable to stoppage, which is apt toentail considerable loss. However well a machine or the component partsof a machine may be constructed in the first instance, there must alwaysbe a liability to defects and flaws and an absolute certainty ofeventual failure to perform satisfactorily. As most of the machines atpresent in use are constructed, it is impossible to find the exactlocality of a flaw without a lengthened and tedious examination of thewhole apparatus, and to repair the flaw when found requires that thewhole machine must be stopped, and often quite a large portion thereofremoved.

The object of this part of our invention is to construct a condenser orrefrigerator, as the case may be, which is built up of a number ofparts, each of simple construction, and arranged in such a manner thateach separatepart or section of the complete condenser or refrigeratingapparatus may be-detached or isolated from the remaining section withoutstoppage of the machine. By this construction, which we shall nowproceed to describe more fully, a break or flaw may readily be 10-calized and repaired without stoppingthe continuous run of the machine.

This part of our invention is illustrated in the following figures: Fig.18 shows an elevation of the apparatus, partly in section. Fig. 19represents a top or plan view of the same, one of the sections beingshown in horizontal section. Fig. 20 is an enlarged sectional view ofone of the stop-cocks orinlet-valves. Fig. 2i is a Vertical sectionalview of one of the sections of the apparatus, four of these sectionsbeing shown,both for the condensing and refrigerating apparatus, inthepresent illustration of our invention. Fig. 22 is alongitudinalsectional view of one of the gaspipes of the apparatus. Fig. 23 is acrosssection of the same, and Fig. 24 is a sectional view, showing analternative construction of the apparatus shown in Fig. 21.

The condenser or refrigerator, as the case may be, consists ofacylindrieal body or casing, D, made of wrought-iron, which is builtupon or connected to a collecting pipe or reservoir, (shown at D,) whichconnects the sev eral parts or sections D, and is supported upon asuitable number of feet, D This reservoir is constructed with flangednecks D upon which the several sections of the condensers orrefrigerators are bolted. For the purpose of convenience we shall inthis part ot our description refer to the several sections ascondensers, although several of these sections go to make up thecomplete condensing or refrigerating apparatus as applied to ourmachine. Each condenser D can be isolated from the others by means ofthe valveor stop-cock E,

and in the case of the condensers D the distributingpipe E delivers thegas to be liquefied from the pump. As the gas condenses in passingthrough the tubes within the apparatus it is collected as liquid ammoniain the collect- 6 assets ingreservoir D, from which it may be drawn oif,to be again vaporized, through an outlet, H, at one end of the pipe, asshown in Figs. 18 and 20 on the drawings. This is done direct fromapparatus D to the refrigerating apparat us shown at F through the pipeG.

Referring to Fig. 21 ot' the drawings, it will be seen that eachcondenser or refrigerator, as the case may be, contains a series ofstraight tubes, T. These tubes are fixed in the tubeplates D and D bymeans of tube-expanders and headed over the top, so that each tube alsovirtually forms a stay-bolt for the apparatus. Inside of, each of thesetubes is a smaller tube, T, which is kept in a central position by meansof top and bottom collars. (Shown at t and t The object of this innertube is twofold. It promotes circulation of the gas over thetube-surface by dividing the column of gas into two columns of unequaltemperature, and therefore of unequal density. It also forms aradiating-surface, increasing the action of the outer tube byradiatingthrough the annulus of gas contained between the two tubes theheat imparted to it by the contact of the gas.

The top cover, 1), of the cylindrical casing D is secured by screws orbolts D in the manner hereinafter described, to the upper tubeplate, D,and the bottom D is similarly fastened to the lower tube-plate, D Thetop cover, D is provided with a flanged inlet, by which the gas isintroduced through the branched distributing-pipe E and its appropriatevalve E. \Vhere this apparatus, however, is used as a refrigerator, asat F, the liquefied gas is introduced 'into'the apparatus through thebottom and drawn off through the suctionpipe G at the top. In eithercase the bottom D Whirl] forms a gas-chamber underneath the bottomtube-plate, D has a central flanged outlet, (or inlet in the case of therefrigerator,) by means of which it is bolted upon its appropriateflanged neck of the reservoir D.

The mode of securing the cover b and bottom l) of the apparatus by whichthe upper and lower gas chambers are formed will readily be understoodby reference to Fig. 21 of the drawings, from which it will be seen thatthe flanged cover D is held in place by nutted bolts D a flanged ring orannulus, D, encircling the cover and pressing down upon a gasket orpacking-ring, D. This construction admits of the ready removal of thetop and bottom parts when it is desired to repair or inspect theinterior of the apparatus.

"vhere this apparatus is used for the purpose of condensing the gas thecooling-water or water for condensation is supplied from a branched mainpipe, Lt, through the inlet h and alter hlling the space within thecylindrical casing I), surrounding the series of vertical tubes orgas-dues 'l", escapes at the top, directly below the upper tube-plateI), through an outlet, it into the discharge-pipe J. In this connectionwe employ an apparatus for cooling the water of condensation, which maybe employ ed with advantage in cases where water is scarce or where aflow-of cold water cannot be readilyobtained,and this apparatus willform a subject of a separate ap 'flication for Letters Patent. Wherethis apparatus is used the same quantity of water is m ade tocirculatcthrough the condenser, doingduty over and over again; but wherewater is plentiful and a flow of cold water readily obtainable the waterfor condensation is simply fed to the condensers from a snitablv-locatedtank or reservoir through. the pipe H as 'l discharged through theoutlet It and escape-pipe J.

In the case of the refrigerator shown at F, which, as stated repeatedly,does not differ in the construction of its details and appurtenancesfrom that of the condensers D, the brine, which is to form therefrigerating or cooling medium, is fed to the refrigerators F throughthe feed-pipe L from a suitably-lo cated tank or reservoir by means of asuitablyconstructed pump, if necessary, in order to insure the promptcirculation of the brine, which, being fed into the refrigerator throughthe top opening, it escapes through' the bottom opening, 7L2, into thepipe M, through which it is fed or distributed to the tanks in which thevessels containing the water to be converted into ice areimilJl3IS6tl,Ol to any other suitable apparatus, as the case may be,according to the purpose or purposes for which our machine is to beused.

The collecting pipe or reservoir D consists of a strong cast-iron tubeor cylinder, which has a flange or collar at each end, upon which a headmaybe suitably packed and bolted, so 1 7 that in cleaning out thistubeor reservoir it is only necessary to remove one of these headsor covers,when its interior may readily be swept, washed out, or flushed withwater. Another advantage of this construction is that if at any time itshould be found desirable to increase the capacity of the apparatus anadditional length of collecting-pipe, with its appropriate number ofcondensers or refrigerators, as the case may be, mounted vertically uponit, may be added without otherwise disturbing the apparatus. v

Each of the flanged necks D of the collecting-reservoir orreceiving-tube D is provided with a device by means of which the outletof the condenser into the reservoir below can be shut off at will. Thisconsists simply ofaballvalve, K, which is secured upon a spindle, Kwhich can be screwed up or down in the usual manner. The valve, whenclosed, bears against an annular valveseat in the upper part of the neckand the spindle K. passes through a double stuffl11g-bo'X,K ,whichshould be packed very tight.

In Fig. 24 we have shown a further method of providing againstleakage ofthe refrigerating agent by covering the end of the spindle, where itprojects through the stuffing-box, with a cap, K

Each inlet and outlet It and h of the casing D of the condenser orcasing F of the refrigerator, as the case may he, is connected'by meansof suitably-constructed valves or stop-cocks with its proper feed-pipe,H or L, so that the water-connection in the case of the condenser andbrine-connection in case of the refrigerator can be shut ofi" at will,so that each section of the condenser (or refrigerator) can becompletely isolated from the remaining sections ofits appropriateseries.

Should at any time a leak occur, it may readily be located by isolatingin' succession each section of the condenser or refrigerator, as thecase may be. When the section in which the leak occurs has beendiscovered it can be easily shut off, detached and removed, and if' aspare section is kept in reserve (a precaution which should always beobserved) it can be replaced at once and without loss of time. Thefaulty section can be placed aside, out of the way, to be repaired atleisure, and will then constitute in its turn the reserve section.

It will be observed that the construction of this part of the machine,as a whole, is such thatit can be readily taken apart for inspec- *tionand repair.

In this class of machines, in which the refrigerating action dependsupon the vaporization of a liquid in one vessel and its recondensatiouin another vessel, it is a matter of great importance that the liquidshould be supplied to the refrigerating apparatus in such a manner thata constant fixed temperature may be maintained, because the rate atwhich theliquid vaporizes or assumes a gaseous form varies with therapidity with which the necessary heat is supplied, and also with therate at which the gas, after vaporization, is drawn off by the pump.

The only method of maintaining a constant fixed pressure in therefrigerating apparatus in which the liquid is vaporized is to vary theamount of the liquid supplied from time to time. Unless this can be doneautomatically this operation necessitates the constant attention of anattendant for the purpose of properly regulating the supply of liquid tothe refrigerator. We are well aware, however, that automatic regulatorshave been used before in colnbinaiion with the refrigerators ofrefrigerating and ice machines; but all with which we are acquaintedrequire for their action that the valve regulating the inflow should beactuated directly by the pressure of the gas in the refrigerator. Ourautomatic apparatus controls the connection of the distributing-reservoir of the refrigerator F with the collecting-reservoir of thecondenser D by means of the pressure inthe inlet-pipe G of the pump,

which is the same as that of the refrigerator.

This connecting-pipe is indicated by the letter G in Figs. 1 and 2 ofthe drawings, and is connected with the outlet at one end of thecollecting-reservoir D, which said outlet is indicated by the letter Hin Figs. 18 and 19.

Before describing in detail the construction and operation of ourautomatic device, it may not be out of place to point out the defects inthis apparatus as heretofore constructed, prior age ofthe refrigeratingmedium, and he pressure of thc'gas, where the operation of this devicedepends upon the direct pressure of the gas only, is not alwayssufficient to actuate the valve-stems through their tightly-packedstuffing-boxes, and it follows that the valves are not always opened orclosed with the regularity and precision without which the inlets cannotbe properly controlled. ()ur improvement is intended to obviate thisdifficulty by providing for the opening and closing of the inlet-valvesby means of some external force or power, which is put in and out ofgear by means of the variation of the pressure which exists within therefrigerating apparatus with which this device is connected. In thismanner the pressure of the gas simply operates to put this externalforce by which the valves are actuated into operation, but does not initself operate the valves, which by this construction are rendered verysensitive in their action, thus insuring perfect regularity in theirworking, irrespective of the amount of pressure within therefrigerators.

This apparatus is shown atP on Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, and indetail on Sheet 9, on which Fig. 28 represents a side elevation of theapparatus. Fig. 29 is a plan or top view of the same, partly in section;and Fig. 30 is a sectional detail view, on an enlarged scale, of part ofthe apparatus.

Reference being bad to these several figures, the letter 1) designatesthe inlet to a valvechamber, within which works a valve, V, of anysuitable construction, a branch pipe, 19 leading from the valve-chamberinto the refri gerator.

P is the valve-stem, the outer end of which is journaled in abea.ring,'X, which forms part of a suitably-constructedframe or support.Upon the valve stem or spindle P is fixed a worm-wheel, W, which mesheswith a worm, P upon a shaft, P which is journaled at right angles to thevalve-spindle P in hearings shown at X and X At the outer end of theshaft P is fixed a frictional bevel-wheel, P

The letter N designates a shaft or spindle, the outer end of which restsin the bearing shown at Y, while its innrr end is inserted through ascrew-threaded collar (shown at 0 into a cylinder, 0, the lower end ofsaid spindle N forming a piston or plunger,-N the detailed constructionof which will be more fully described hereinafter. Encirclingthat'paitof the stem or spindle N which works within the cylinder 0 is a spiralor volute spring, (shown at 0 said spring being confined between thescrew'collar and the top of the plunger N While the spindle N is free tomove in the direction of its length in its bearwill balance a pressureequal to thirty pounds ings Y and 0 it is'prevented from turning or Irotating in them by any suitable means, such as by grooving said partsof" the spindle and inserting a pin through the bearings, with its innerend projecting into said grooves, or by any other suitable expedient.Upon this spindle N works loosely a sleeve,M, which is provided with aright and a left hand bevel-wheel, (shown at in and mi) and also with agrooved pulleynn This sleeve, with its appurtenances, may be adjustedupon the spindle N'and fixed in any given position by means of thecollars n and M, which are provided with set-screws, the inner ends ofwhich bear against spindle N. The lower or inner end of the cylinder 0communicates with the refrigerator, within which equilibrium is to beestablished. The outer end of the spindle P is made square to permit ofit being turned by hand by means of a suitable key, spanner, orhand-wheel.

The action of this device is as follows, (the grooved pulley m beingconnected with the motive power of the machine by an endless band, so asto cause it and the sleeve M to rotate at a certain uniform speedAssuming it is required to maintain a constant pressure of, say, thirtypounds to the square inch in the refrigerator, the spring G is adjustedby means of the screw-cap until its tension is equivalent to a pressureof thirty pounds per square inch on the area of the piston or plunger Nthat is to say, by screwing down the cap the spring is contracted orcompressed so as to bear against the piston with a pressure which persquare inch on the area of the under side of the piston. This havingbeen done, the sleeve H is so adjusted upon its shaft or spindle N bymeans of the adjusting-collars n and n" that both bevel-wheels m and mshall be equidistant from the bevel-wheel P at the inner end of spindleP no frictional contact existing between them, and this relativeposition will be maintained when the plunger N is in equilibrium--thatis to say, when the gas-pressure on its under side is equal to thespringpressure on its upper side. It the pressure in the refrigeratorincreases, the piston N and with it the spindle N, is pushed outward,and the beveled wheel at is put into frictional contact with the largebevel-wheel P The motion transmitted through the shaft P and worm Pturns the worm-Wheel W and closes or partially closes the inlet p by therotation of valve V until, the pressure being reduced, the beveled wheelat is by the action of spring 0 drawn out of contact with wheel P by there turn of the plunger to its normal position within cylinder G. If thepressure falls below thirty pounds, the tension ofthe spring pushes thebeveled wheel m into frictional contact with the large bevel-wheel P andthe motion transmitted to the valve V through the wormwheel W is now inthe opposite direction and tends to open the valve until the pressureagainst plunger N is again equalized and the plunger returned to itsnormal position.

In the enlarged sectional view shown in Fig. 30 we have shown the methodof providing against leakage of the gas which works the plunger, and atthe same time securing free motion of the plunger inside of its cylinderwithout any appreciable friction. From this it will be seen that theplunger is of smaller diameter than the cylinder within which it works,so as to admit ofthe insertion ofa piece of rubber tubing, R, betweenthem, the upper edge of which is bent in over the top of the plunger,and held in place thereon by ascrewcollar, R which forms part of thepiston, and clamps the overturned edge of the rubber tubing down uponthe annular shoulder of the piston, while the lower edge of the rubbertub ing is turned outwardly and clamped or fixed between an annularoffset in the inner end of cylinder C and the screw-threaded collar C bymeans of which the cylinder is connected to the refrigerator. Thus itwill be seen that this rubber tubing, which encircles the plunger, formspractically a diaphragm, which effectuallyprevents the escape ofgas,andthe motion of the piston or plunger is between such narrow limits thatthe rubber is never unduly stretched.

We are aware that in machines of this class pumps have been used forforcing the refrigerating agent, in which is combined with thepump-cylinders a chamber closed to the atmosphere, which surrounds andcontains the piston-rods of the pumps, and receives and holds whatevermatter may escape from that end of the pump-cylindersthrough which thepistonrods work. \Ve are also aware thatit has been customary to cooloff the pump-cylinders by means of water-jackets enveloping the same andprovided with suitable inlets and outlets; and in the gas-condensers ofthis class of apparatus or machines we are aware that the gas pipes ortubes have been inclosed in other tubes or flues, forming a double flue,by which the body of gas or vapor, as it passes through the tubes, isdivided into two columns of unequal temperature, and therefore ofunequal density. W'e desire it understood, however, that we do notrestrict ourselves to the precise construction of the apparatus asshown, for it may with advantage be modified to suit differentconditions without in any essential part deviating from the spirit ofour invention.

Having thus fully described our invention, we claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States-- i. In a refrigerating -machineor ice-machine, a set or series of condensers communica ting with thegas-pump, and mounted vertically upon a common collecting pipe orreservoir in such a manner that each separate condenser may be isolatedfrom the collecting pipe or reservoir, from the other condensers in thesame set or series, and from the feed-pipe by which the gas to becondensed is distributed from the pump to the set or series ofcondensers, substantially as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

2. In a refrigerating-machine or ice -machine, a set or series ofrefrigerators communicatin g with the condensing apparatus and with agas-pump, and mounted vertically upon a common collecting pipe orreservoir in such a manner that eachseparate refrigerator may beisolated from the collecting pipe or reservoir, from the otherrefrigerators in the same set or series, and from the feed-pipe by whichthe liquefied gas fed to the refrigerator for the purpose of cooling therefrigerating medium contained in the sameisdistributed from the pumpand condensers to the set or series of refrigerators, substantially asand for the purpose shown and set forth.

3. The construction and relative arrangement, in a refrigerating-machineor ice-machine, of the motor, the pump, the feed-pipe E, the set orseries of condensers communicating with said feed-pipe and provided withstopcocks E, the horizontal collecting pipe or reservoir D, connectingsaid condensers, means for isolating said condensers from the horizontalpipe or reservoir D, a feed-water pipe for supplyingcondensing-water tothe condensers, a discharge-pipe for the same, and a device forautomatically equalizing the gas-pressure within the refrigerators,consisting of a valve operated by the motor which works the machine, oran independent motor, said motor being thrown into or outofconnectionwith the valve by a plungr actuated; by the gaspressure, substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose herein shown and.set forth.

4. in a refrigerating-machine or ice-machine, the combination of thecasing B, enveloping the pump-cylinders, and having a cap or cover, a,forming, with casing B, reservoirs adapted to contain alubricating-fluid surrounding the top part of the severalpump-cylinders, triplicate pump-cylinders a and their appropriatefollowers, crank-shaft T, located horizontally below and in a line withthe set or series of pumpcylinders, lower casing, B, forming bearingsfor the crank-shaft, and adapted to contain a lubricating-liquid intowhich the cranks will dip at the revolutions of the shaft, and means formaintaining circulation of the lubricatingfluid between the lowercasing, B,and the reservoirs in the upper part of the top casing, B,substantially as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

5. A gas-pump for refrigerating-machines and ice-machines, in which thepump-cylinders are contained within a casing forming jackets or chamberswhich envelop and separate the several cylinders, the upper parts ofsaid jackets forming reservoirs adapted to contain a lubricatingfluidsurrounding the top part of the several pump-cylinders, substantially asand for the purpose herein shown and described.

6. In a pump for refrigerating-machines or ice-machines, the combinationof the upper casing, B, constructed with a reservoir adapted to containa lubricating-fluid in its top part, surrounding the top part of theseveral pumpcylinders which form part of said casing, the lower casin g,B, formin a support or bed for the top casing. B, and constituting atank or reservoir for lubricating-fluid, the pump 8,10- cated within andat the bottom of saidtank or reservoir, means for operating said pump,and a pipe, 8, communicating at its lower end with the pump and at itsupper end with the reservoir for the lubricant, located in the top partof the upper casing, B, so as to feed vthe lubricating-fluid from thereservoir at the bottom of the pump to that located in the top part ofthe same, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein shownand described.

7. In a pump for refrigerating-machines or ice-machines, the,combination of the upper casing, B, and pump-cylinders a, open at thetop and bottom, with the cover 0, having the outlet f, and provided withthe pockets or cylinders o, projecting down into the several pumpcylinders a, substantially as and for the purpose shown and specified.

8. In a pump for refrigerating-machines or ice-machines, the combinationof the following elements: a pump-cylinder open at its top and bottomand having a series of apertures encircling its upper end, areciprocating piston orplunger having a suitably-constructed valve forfeeding gas into the pump-cylinder on its downstroke, a cylindricalvalve inserted into and covering the open top of the cylinder, andclosing, when on its seat in its down position, the outlets or aperturesi, a fluidreceptacle located around the top part of the cylinder, belowits apertures '5, and an elastic bufl'er or cushion projecting centrallydown into the cylindrical valve and controlling or limiting its upwardthrow, all constructed, combined,

and arranged to operate substantially as and' for the purpose hereinshown and described.

9. The combination of the pump-cylinder a, having the follower it,provided with valve 16, constructed and arranged substantially asdescribed, cylindrical valve V, having the inside packing-rings, noutsideannular recess,m, and flange n, elastic packing a, insertedbetween the top rim of the pump-cylinder and the bottom of the annulus1n, cylindrical pocket 0, and elastic buffer or cushion 11, insertedinto said pocket and extending below the same, substantially as and forthe purpose herein shown and specified.

10. The valve V, constructed with the annulus m, cylindrical flange n,and inside packingrings, a substantiallyas shown and described.

11. In a pump for refrigerating-machines or ice-machines, the plunger orfollower composed ofthefollowingelements: acylindrical body, is, closedat top with a plate having apertures or openings 0 and provided with acentral hollow boss, b,exterior packin g-rin gs,u, interiorpacking-rings, a, annulus l, screws 1", and valve w, having acircumferential series of apertures, 21, and central stem, I), insertedinto the tubular boss I) of the plunger, and provided with acollar atitslowerend to confine the upward motion of the valve, all constructed andcombined substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and spcified.

12. The combination, with thepuinp-cylinder a, of the piston or followercomposed of the cylindrical body is, closed at top with a plate;

having apertures or openings b and provided with a central hollow boss,I), having a rubber packing-ring at its upper end, said plunger or refollower having the exterior packing-rings, to, interior packingrings,a, annulus 1, screws 1", and valve 10, provided with circumferentialapertures c, and having acentral stem inserted into the tulmlar'bushingb of the plunger. the 1 5 whole constructed and combined substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose shown and described.

13. inarefrigerating-machineorice-machine, an injecting device adaptedto spray atomized 2o liquid into a jacket or casing enveloping thepump-cylinder, in combination with a reliefvalve so constructed as toallow the expanded gas formed in the jacket to escape at a given fixedpressure, corresponding to the degree of temperature which it is desiredto maintain in the pump-jacket, substantially as and for the purposeherein shown and set forth.

l4. Theinjecting and atomizing device composed of thebarrel 4:, havingan annular flange 0 at its inner end, the apertured disk 1, thecylindrical plug 2, having a central channel extending longitudinallyfrom end to end and intersected at right angles by the cross-channel 6,and screw-cap 3, the whole constructedand 3 5 combined as and for thepurpose herein shown and specified. .7 7

15. The combination, with the water-jacket b of pump-cylinder a, oftheinjecting and atomizing device consisting of the barrel 2, having aninlet, 5, at right angles to the bore of the barrel, and an annularflange at its inner end, atomizing-disk 1, plug 2, having a longitudinalcentral bore, and a channel, 6,intersecting said bore at right angles,and the screw-cap 3, inserted into the rear end of the barrel, allconstructed and combined substantially as and for the purpose shown andspecified.

16. The combination of the water-jacket Ii of the pump-cylinder a, saidjacket being provided with an injector, and the relief-valve 9,constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose shown anddescribed.

17. Acondensing apparatusforrefrigeratin g and ice machines, consistingof a cylindrical casing, D, a series of vertical tubes or flues, T,

inserted into the top and bottom plates, 1) and D of the casing D, andcommunicating at the top and bottom with gaschambers formed by the topand bottom covers, 1) and D, said gas-chambers being provided withsuitably-arranged inlets and outlets, and the casing being similarlyprovided with inlets and outlets for the water of condensation at thetop and bottom thereof, the lowermost gas-chamber commupicating withareservoir or collecting-pipe for the liquefied vapor, and with a valveregulating the flow of the same from the condenser into the receiver orreservoir, substantially as and-for the purpose herein shown and setforth.

18. In a condensing apparatus for refrigerating-machines orice-machines, the gas-flues composed each of an exterior vertical tube,T, and an interior concentric tube, T connected to the, outer tube bytop and bottom collars, t and t both tubes being open at the top andbottom and connecting the top and bottom plates or heads of thecondensing chamber or vessel, substantially as and for the purposeherein shown and specified.

19. The combination, with the cylindrical body or casing D of thecondensing apparatus of a re rigerating-machine or ice-machine, of theconvex cap or top cover, D having a central flanged inlet, and held inplace removably upon the cylindrical body D by nutted bolts D and theflanged ring or annulus D seated upon and bearing against the gasket Dsubstantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

20. The combination, with the gas-condens ing apparatus, consistingessentially of the cylindrical casing D, vertical lines T, top plate, Dbottom plate, D convex top cover, D and convex bottom cover, D", of thereservoir or collecting-pipe D, having flanged necks D forming seats forthe superimposed apparatus, and also seats for the valve'which conmeetsthe condensing apparatus with the reservoir or collectingpipe below,substantially as herein shown and set forth.

21. In a refrigerating-machine or ice-machine, the horizontal rcservoiror collectingpipe D, mounted upon suitable feet or supports, D andhaving flanged necks D substantially as and for the purpose shown anddescribed.

22. In a refrigerating-machine or ice-machine, the horizontal reservoiror collectingpipe D, forming seats for and connecting with a set orseries of condensers, and provided. with valves K,having spindles Kworkingthrough stuffing-boxes K on the under side of the reservoir,substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

23. The combination of the reservoir or collecting-pipe D, valve K,having central threaded stem or spindle, K working through thestulfing-box K and the removable cap K closing the lower open end of thestuffing-box and covering the lower end of the valve stem or spindle,substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

24. The combination of the inlet-pipe pp valve V, having valve-stem P,provided with the worm-wheel WV, spindle P having the worm P and beveledWheel P sliding sleeve M, provided with the beveled wheels m m andgrooved pulley m adj usting-collars n and n spindle N, adapted to slidein the direction of its length in its bearings, and provided at itslower end with a plunger, N cylinder G, coiled spring 0 and screw-collar0 for adjusting the tension of said spring, all constructed and combinedto operate substantial] y in the manner and for the purpose herein shownand set forth. 7

25. The combination. with the cylinder 0 and its plunger N of the rubbertubing R, fastened. at its lower end to the walls of the cylinder, andat its upper end to the top part of the plunger. so as to expandor'contract with the motionsof the same, substantially as and for thepurpose herein shown and specified.

26. The combination of the plunger N having stem N. cylinder 0' coiledspring 0 and screw-cap O encircling the plunger-stem and bearing withits lower end against the coiled spring 0 substantially as and for thepurpose herein shown and described.

27. The combination, with the spindle N and its sliding sleeve M, of thecollars n and n provided with set-screws for fixing them in theiradjusted position upon the spindle, substantially as and for the purposeherein shown and described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own we have hereuntoaflixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses. 7

WILLIAM H. WOOD. GEORGE RICHMOND. Witnesses:

S. FEUOHTWAUGER, HENRY E. KLUGH.

